Chemical Constituents from Sprout of Ziziphi jujuba var. spinosa / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the chemical constituents from sprout of Ziziphi jujuba var. spinosa,and explore the effect of germination on the activity of Z. jujuba var. spinosa seed from the perspective of material basis. Method:The dry sprout of Z. jujuba var. spinosa was crushed and extracted with petroleum ether to remove oils and fats,then the residues were dried and received reflux extraction with methanol. The solvent was decompressed and recovered to obtain methanol fractions. The fractions were dissolved, isolated and purified by column chromatography technologies such as silica gel,RP C18 and Sephadex LH-20,and the structures of the compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),mass spectrometry (MS) and reference liteature. Result:The 13 compounds were isolated from the sprout of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and identified as jujuboside B (1),jujuboside D (2),jujuboside A (3),betulinic acid (4),betulin (5),lupeol (6),alphitolic acid (7),ceanothic acid (8),oleanolic acid (9),ursolic acid (10),magnoflorine (11),nuciferine (12) and swertisin (13). Conclusion:All the above compounds were isolated from the sprout of of Z. jujuba var. spinosa for the first time. The study showed that the chemical constituents from the sprout were quite similar with those from the seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa,mainly including triterpenoids and saponins,flavonoids,alkaloid,etc.Overall,the results described in this study could provide certain chemical basis for further resources exploitation and utilization of the sprout of Z. jujuba var. spinosa.

Activated mTOR signaling pathway in myofibers with inherited metabolic defect might be an evidence for mTOR inhibition therapies / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Abnormally activated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been reported in several model animals with inherited metabolic myopathies (IMMs). However, the profiles of mTOR pathway in skeletal muscles from patients are still unknown. This study aimed to analyze the activity of mTOR pathway in IMMs muscles.@*METHODS@#We collected muscle samples from 25 patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM), lipid storage disease (LSD) or Pompe disease (PD). To evaluate the activity of mTOR pathway in muscle specimens, phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6) and p70S6 kinase (p-p70S6K) were analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#Western blotting results showed that p-p70S6K/p70S6K in muscles from LSD and MM was up-regulated when compared with normal controls (NC) (NC vs. LSD, U = 2.000, P = 0.024; NC vs. MM: U = 6.000, P = 0.043). Likewise, p-S6/S6 was also up-regulated in muscles from all three subgroups of IMMs (NC vs. LSD, U = 0.000, P = 0.006; NC vs. PD, U = 0.000, P = 0.006; NC vs. MM, U = 1.000, P = 0.007). Immunohistochemical study revealed that p-S6 was mainly expressed in fibers with metabolic defect. In MM muscles, most p-S6 positive fibers showed cytochrome C oxidase (COX) deficiency (U = 5.000, P = 0.001). In LSD and PD muscles, p-S6 was mainly overexpressed in fibers with intramuscular vacuoles containing lipid droplets (U = 0.000, P = 0.002) or basophilic materials (U = 0.000, P = 0.002).@*CONCLUSION@#The mTOR pathway might be activated in myofibers with various metabolic defects, which might provide evidence for mTOR inhibition therapy in human IMMs.

Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Pathological Analyses of 13 Chinese Leigh Syndrome Patients with Mitochondrial DNA Mutations / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare disease caused by mitochondrial defects and has high phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. We analyzed the clinical symptoms, neuroimaging, muscular histopathology, and genotypes of 13 Chinese LS patients with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations.@*Methods@#Mutations in mtDNA were identified by targeted sequencing. The brain imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed. The levels of lactate in fasting blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were routinely tested. The levels of urinary organic acids, plasma amino acids, and acylcarnitines were examined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. The histopathological traits of skeletal muscles were analyzed under microscope.@*Results@#Among 13 patients, mutations of MT-NDs (n = 8) and MT-ATP6 (n = 4) genes were most common. Strabismus (8/13), muscle weakness (8/13), and ataxia (5/13) were also common, especially for the patients with late-onset age after 2 years old. However, respiratory distress was common in patients with early-onset age before 2 years old. The most frequently affected brain area in these patients was the brain stem (12/13), particularly the dorsal part of midbrain, followed by basal ganglia (6/13), thalamus (6/13), cerebellum (5/13), and supratentorial white matter (2/13). Besides, the elevated lactate levels in CSF (6/6) were more common than those in serum (7/13). However, the analysis of abnormal plasma amino acid and urinary organic acid showed limited results (0/3 and 1/4, respectively). Muscular histopathology showed mitochondrial myopathy in the three late-onset patients but not in the early-onset ones.@*Conclusions@#Noninvasive genetic screening is recommended for mtDNA mutations in MT-NDs and MT-ATP6 genes in patients with ophthalmoplegia, muscle weakness, ataxia, and respiratory disorder. Furthermore, the lactate detection in CSF and the brain MRI scanning are suggested as the diagnosis methods for LS patients with mtDNA mutations.

Use of double lumen microcatheter in interventional treatment of chronic total occlusion lesions at bifurcation / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of double lumen microcatheters in chronic coronary artery total occlusion(CTO)lesions at bifurcation during percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods From October 2013 to March 2015,we retrospectively analysed the application of double lumen microcatheter with bifurcation CTO lesions and reviewed the patients' clinical features,coronary angiography,intervention operation success rate,complications rates and incidence of major adverse cardiac events(including all-cause death,nonfatal myocardial infarction and target vascular remodeling).Results Twenty-three CTO lesions at bifurcation were treated with double lumen microcatheters,stenting were performed in 21 lesions and 2 lesions only received PTCA due to small blood vessel size.The operation success rate was 100％.All the 11 right coronary lesions and 3 left coronary lesions were managed using single stenting technique.Double stenting strategy was used in 9 left coronary lesions including 4 cases with mini-crush technique,4 cases with modified culottes technique and one case with modified T technique.All double stenting procedures were completed by kissing balloon expansion.There was no major adverse cardiac event occured during and after operation.Conclusion Double lumen microcatheters are useful in PCI treatment of bifurcation CTO lesions.

Study on HPLC-fingerprint-based identification of dao-di herb and non dao-di herb of scutellariae radix / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the discrepancies between chemical constituents in Dao-di herb and non Dao-di herb of Huangqin (the root of Scutellaria baicalensis), study the impact of habitat and growth pattern (including cultivated and wild Huangqin) on chemical substances of Huangqin, and then provide evidence for the identification of Dao-di herb and quality evaluation of Huangqin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents in Huangqin collected from different habitats and under different growth patterns, were analyzed using HPLC fingerprint. The fingerprints obtained were then evaluated by hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis and components peak area pattern.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The fingerprints' chemical profiles of Dao-di herb and non Dao-di Huangqin had significant disparity. The fingerprints of modem Dao-di herb Huangqin samples originated from Chengde (Hebei Province) were significantly different from those from other habitats, though the fingerprints of the non Dao-di Huangqin collected from Chifeng (Inner Mongolia) and Chengde had high similarity to each other. The chemical characteristics of Huangqin samples collected from the habitats recorded in ancient herbals, such as Qingyang (Gansu Province), Yan'an (Shaanxi Province), Linyi (Shangdong Province), Changzhi and Jinzhong (Shanxi Province) were similar. The fingerprints of modern non Dao-di samples collected from Dingxi and Longnan (Gansu Province) and Shangluo (Shaanxi Province) had high similarity. In addition, the content of acteoside in wild Huangqin was higher than that in cultivated Huangqin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dao-di herb and non Dao-di herb of Huangqin could be distinguished using the developed HPLC fingerprints. The results obtained may provide evidence for the quality control and pharmcodynamical research of Dao-di herb and non Dao-di Huangqin.</p>

Phenolic acid derivatives from Bauhinia glauca subsp. pernervosa / 药学学报

To study the chemical constituents of Bauhinia glauca subsp. pernervosa, eleven phenolic acids were isolated from a 95% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as isopropyl O-beta-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (1), ethyl O-beta-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (2), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6'-O-galloyl)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), gallic acid (5), methyl gallate (6), ethyl gallate (7), protocatechuic acid (8), 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (9), erigeside C (10) and glucosyringic acid (11). Among them, compound 1 is a new polyhydroxyl compound; compounds 2, 10, and 11 were isolated from the genus Bauhinia for the first time, and the other compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time. Compounds 6 and 8 showed significant protein tyrosine phosphatase1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity in vitro with the IC50 values of 72.3 and 54.1 micromol x L(-1), respectively.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: a case report / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system is a rare and difficult entity. Here we represented the clinical and pathological features of a patient with little response to steroid before definite diagnosis. The 50-year-old male had a fluctuating disease course for more than 3 years. He presented visual disorders, seizure, cognitive impairment, hypersomnia, unsteady gait, dysphasia, dysphagia, and incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple, supratentorial and infratentorial abnormal signals, while cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral angiography were normal. Magnetic resonance spectrum showed a decrease of N-acetyl-aspartate. Brain biopsy revealed nongranulomatous lymphatic vasculitis with reactive gliosis, cicatrization, demyelination and focal hemorrhages.

Chemical constituents of Momordica charantia L / 药学学报

Momordica charantia L. is a vegetable widely cultivated around the world. Its fruits have been used in Asian countries as a folk medicine for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Here we report eight compounds isolated from the fruits of M. charantia. On the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses, these compounds were identified as momordicolide ((10E)-3-hydroxyl-dodeca-10-en-9-olide, 1), monordicophenoide A (4-hydroxyl-benzoic acid 4-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1 --> 2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 2), dihydrophaseic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 6,9-dihydroxy-megastigman-4,7-dien-3-one (blumenol, 4), guanosine (5), adenosine (6), uracil (7) and cytosine (8). Among them, 1 and 2 are new compounds. Compounds 3-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Isoflavones from Millettia nitida var. hirsutissima / 药学学报

To study the chemical constituents of Millettia nitida var. hirsutissima, the constituents were isolated by chromatographic techniques, and structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. Eight isoflavones were isolated and identified, including a new compound, hirsutissimiside F (1), and seven known compounds, formononetin (2), ononin (3), odoratin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), lanceolarin (5), afromosin (6), sphaerobioside (7), and hirsutissimiside B (8). Compounds 3, 4, 5 and 7 were isolated from the genus Millettia for the first time, 2 was obtained from this plant for the first time.

Studies on chemical constituents of Tibetan medicine Caryopteris toroetii / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the Tibetan medicine Caryopteris toroetii.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The crude drug was extracted with 95% EtOH and isolated by repeatedly chromatographic methods. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were yielded and identified as: phenethyl cinnamide (1), 1-hydroxy-2, 3, 4, 5-tetramethoxy-xanthone (2), 1-hydroxy-2, 3, 5-trimethoxy-xanthone (3), (2S)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (4), 2', 4'-dihydroxydihydrochalcone (5) and rutin (6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the above compounds were obtained from C. toroetii for the first time.</p>

Effect of supplemented Taoren Chengqi decoction on NIT-1, a pancreatic beta-cell from a transgenic NOD/Lt mouse / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Supplemented Taoren Chengqi decoction (STCD) on the secretion of insulin and proliferation of NIT-1.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effect of STCD and the serum of rat after orally administrating of STCD on the secretion of insulin and proliferation of NIT-1 were studied. The proliferation of NIT-1 was measured by 3H-TdR incorporation and cell counting methods, while the secretion of insulin was measured from the cultured medium by the ultra sensitive rat insulin ELISIA kit.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Both the STCD and the serum of rat after orally administrating of STCD significantly could increased the secretion of insulin and proliferation of NIT-1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment of the diabetic patients by STCD might be through with its improvement of secretion of insulin and proliferation on pancreatic beta-cell.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents from seed of Psoralea corylifolia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Psoralea corylifolia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatographic methods were used to separate compounds, and spectroscopic methods were used to determine the structures.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Five compounds were isolated and identified as furano (2", 3", 7, 6)-4'-hydroxyflavanone (1), psoralidin (2), genistein (3), psoralen (4), isopsoralen (5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1 was a new compound named psoraleflavanone. And 13C-NMR data of compound 2 were assined for the first time.</p>

Study on biligustilides from Angelica sinensis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Angelica sinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were separated by chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight compounds were isolated and identified as levistolide A (1), senkyunolide O (2), (3Z, 3Z')-6.8', 7.3'-diligustilide (3), tokinolide B (4), isotokinolide B (5), (3'Z)-(3R, 8S, 3a'R, 6'S)-3, 3a': 8, 6'-biligustilide (6), E, E'-3. 3', 8. 8'-diligustilide (7) and E, E'-3. 3', 8. 8'-isodiligustilide (8), which are all diligustilides.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 7 was obtained from the plant for the first time; compounds 6 and 8 are new compounds.</p>

Clinical and biopsy-based myopathological features of 5 cases with centronuclear myopathy / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical and pathological features of the centronuclear myopathy (CNM) in 5 Chinese patients and evaluate their diagnostic and differential diagnostic value.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A standard series of histochemical and enzymohistochemical investigations were performed on all muscle specimens of CNM cases obtained via biopsy. The clinical manifestations and myopathological features of 5 CNM patients were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of onset ranged from 3 to 12 years. All patients primarily presented with limb girdle muscle weakness. In 3 patients extraocular muscles, facial muscles and cervical muscles were affected, respectively. The proximal muscles were affected more seriously than the distal and the lower limbs more seriously than the upper. Tendon reflex was reduced and no evident muscular atrophy was seen. The course of the disease ranged from 4 to 46 years and progressed slowly. The ability of walking could be maintained for many years and the fast movements such as running and jumping were impaired early. The serum creatine kinase (CK) level was normal or elevated slightly. Electromyography showed myopathic pattern in all cases. Two patients (mother and son) were from the same family and the son's two siblings had similar symptoms indicating autosomal dominant inherited pattern. There was mild variation in fiber size and most small fibers were round. Interstitial tissue increase slightly. Fibers with centrally placed nuclei accounted for 23% - 93%. Neither necrotic and regenerated fibers nor infiltration of inflammatory cells were seen. Type I fiber predominance and hypotrophy were present in all patients. Abnormal arrangement of the sarcoplasmic strands in appearance of "spokes of a wheel", increased oxidative enzyme activity around centronuclear and perinuclear halo were observed in 2 patients by NADH-TR staining.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For the patients who had the onset during the childhood and presented with slow progressive limb girdle muscle weakness, disability of fast movements and normal serum CK level, the possibility of benign congenital myopathy should be considered. High percentage of centronuclear fibers as well as type I fiber predominance and hypotrophy in muscle biopsy pathology may provide a morphological evidence for the definite diagnosis of CNM.</p>

Chemical constituents from Spatholobus sinensis / 药学学报

Spatholobus sinensis is a plant of the Spatholobus genus (Leguminosae family). Its caulis are used as "ji-xue-teng" regionally. However, to our knowledge, no phytochemical investigation on S. sinensis has been reported to date. In this study, eight compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the caulis of S. sinensis, by solvents extraction and column chromatography methods. By analysis of their physic-chemical constants and spectral data, the structures of 8 compounds were identified as spatholosineside A (1), 2',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyisoflavone (2), isoliquiritigenin (3), lupinalbin A (4), coumestrol (5), naringenin (6), protocatechuic acid (7), leonuriside A (8). Compound 1 is a new compound.

Main flavonoids from Sophora flavescenes / 药学学报

Radix Sophorae Flavescentis is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is the roots of Sophora flavescens and is used to treat abscess, dysentery, eczema and skin itch. The main active compounds of the roots of Sophora flavescens are alkaloids and flavonoids. To provide reference compounds for HPLC-DAD qualitification analysis of flavanonoids and for study on the bioactivities of flavanonoids, six main flavanonoids were isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. They are 5-methoxy-7, 2', 4'-trihydroxy-8-[3,3-dimethylallyl] -flavanone (1), isoxanthohumol (2), 3/beta, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-[3,3-dimethylallyl] -flavanone (3), nor-kurarinone [(2S) -sophoraflavanone G] (4), kurarinone (5) and kushenol I (6). Compound 1 is a new compound, and compound 3 is obtained from Sophora flavecens for the first time. The 13C NMR data of compounds 3 and 5 are reported for the first time.

Saponins from roots of Hedysarum multijugum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the root of Hedysarum multijugum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were separated by chromatographic methods, their structures were identified by spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four compounds were isolated and identified as soyasaponin II methyl ester (1), soyasaponin II (2), soyasaponin Bg (3), and soyasaponin I (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The four compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time. Compound 3 was isolated from the genus Hedysarum for the first time, and the NMR data of 3 was reported for the first time.</p>

Chemical constituents of isoflavones from vine stems of Millettia nitita var. hirsutissima / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the vine stems of isoflavones of Millettia nitita var. hirsutissima.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatographic methods were used to isolate compounds, and spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structures.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four isoflavones were isolated and identified: 3'-O-methylorobol (1), genistein (2), biochanin A (3), afromosin (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All Compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time.</p>

Study on chemical constituents of mangrove Acanthus ilcifolius / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Acanthus ilicifolius.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatographic methods were used to isolate compounds from A. ilicifolius, and chemical and spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven compounds, betaine (1), phenylethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->2) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), phenylethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), acteoside (4), isoacteoside (5), benzyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6) and vanillic acid (7) were obtained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1, 3, 6 and 7 were obtained from the genus for the first time.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in flower of Abelmoschus manihot / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Abelmoschus manihot.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatographic methods were used to isolate compounds from A. manihot, and spectroscopic methods were used to identify the structures.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Thirteen compounds, myricetin (1), cannabiscitrin (2), myricetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), glycerolmonopalmitate (4), 2, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (5), guanosine (6), adenosine (7), maleic acid (8), heptatriacontanoic acid (9), 1-triacontanol (10) , tetracosane (11), beta-sitosterol (12), beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (13) were obtained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>2-11 were obtained from the genus for the first time.</p>